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Simulation theory of empathy
Simulation theory of empathy is a theory that holds that humans anticipate and make sense of the behavior of others by activating mental processes that, if carried into action, would produce similar behavior. This includes intentional behavior as well as the expression of emotions. The theory states that children use their own emotions to predict what others will do. Therefore, we project our own mental states onto others.
Simulation theory is not primarily a theory ''of'' empathy, but rather a theory of how people understand others—that they do so ''by way of'' a kind of empathetic response. This theory uses more biological evidence than other theories of mind, such as the theory-theory.
== Origin ==
Simulation theory is based in philosophy of mind, a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind and its relationship to the brain, especially the work of Alvin Goldman and Robert Gordon. The discovery of mirror neurons in macaque monkeys has provided a physiological mechanism for the common coding between perception and action (see Wolfgang Prinz) 〔di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Understanding motor events - A neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research, 91(1), 176-180〕 and the hypothesis of a similar mirror neuron system in the human brain.〔Preston, S.D., & de Wall, F.B.M. (2002). Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 1-72.〕〔Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 286(5449), 2526-2528〕
Since the discovery of the mirror neuron system, many studies have been carried out to examine the role of this system in action understanding, emotion and other social functions.
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